The relations between growth mindset, motivational beliefs, and career interest in math intensive fields in informal STEM youth programs.

Past research has shown that growth mindset and motivational beliefs have an important role in math and science career interest in adolescence. Drawing on situated expectancy-value theory (SEVT), this study extends these findings by investigating the role of parental motivational beliefs (e.g., expectancy beliefs, utility values) and parent growth mindset in math on adolescent career interest in math-intensive fields (e.g., mathematics, computer science, statistics, and engineering; MCSE) through adolescent motivational beliefs in math. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model using data from 290 adolescents (201 girls, 69.3%; Mage = 15.20), who participate in informal STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) youth programs, and their parents (162 parents, 87.7% female) in the United Kingdom and the United States. As hypothesized, adolescent expectancy beliefs, utility values, and growth mindset in math had a significant direct effect on MCSE career interest. Further, there was a significant indirect effect of parental expectancy beliefs in math on MCSE career interest through adolescents' expectancy beliefs. Similarly, there was a significant indirect effect from parental utility values in math to MCSE career interest through adolescents' utility values. The findings suggest that parents' math motivational beliefs play a critical role in adolescent math motivational beliefs and their career interest in math-intensive fields.

Developmental Trajectories of Adolescents' Math Motivation: The Role of Mindset and Perceptions of Informal STEM Learning Site Inclusivity.

Motivation is a key factor in engagement, achievement, and career choices in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). While existing research has focused on student motivation toward math in formal school programs, new work is needed that focuses on motivation for those involved in informal STEM programs. Specifically, the role of math mindset and perceived inclusivity of informal STEM sites (to those of varying gender and ethnic backgrounds) on longitudinal trajectories of adolescents' math motivation has not been explored. This study investigates longitudinal changes in math expectancy, interest, and utility values and the effects of math fixed mindset, math growth mindset, and perceptions of the inclusivity of informal STEM learning sites on these changes for adolescents participating in STEM programs at these informal sites in the United Kingdom and the United States (n = 249, MT1age = 15.2, SD = 1.59). Three latent growth curve models were tested. The data suggest that math expectancy, interest, and utility values declined over three years. Growth mindset positively predicted changes in utility, while fixed mindset negatively predicted changes in utility. Inclusivity positively influenced the initial levels of utility. Girls reported lower initial expectancy than boys. Age influenced both the initial levels and rate of change for expectancy. Older adolescents had lower levels of expectancy compared to their younger counterparts; however, they had a less steep decline in expectancy over three years. These findings suggest that designing inclusive learning environments and promoting growth mindset may encourage math motivation.

Reciprocal Associations Between Science Efficacy, STEM Identity and Scientist Career Interest Among Adolescent Girls within the Context of Informal Science Learning.

Limited research has explored the longitudinal pathway to youth career interests via identity and efficacy together. This study examined the longitudinal associations between science efficacy, STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) identity, and scientist career interest among girls who are historically considered as an underrepresented group among scientists. The sample included 308 girls (M age = 15.22, SD age = 1.66; 42.8% White) from six STEM youth programs, each at a different informal science learning site within the U.K. and the U.S. Longitudinal structural equation modelling demonstrated that science efficacy consistently predicted STEM identity and scientist career interest, and similarly, STEM identity consistently predicted science efficacy over a two-year period. Scientist career interest at 12 months predicted science efficacy at 24 months. The coefficients of efficacy predicting STEM identity and scientist career interest were significantly larger compared to STEM identity and scientist career interest in predicting science efficacy from 12 months to 24 months. Further mediation analysis supported a significant pathway from STEM identity at 3 months to scientist career interest at 24 months via 12-month science efficacy. The findings highlight that science efficacy and STEM identity for girls relate to their scientist career interest and these longitudinal associations are reciprocal. This study suggests that science efficacy and STEM identity mutually influence each other, and enhancing science efficacy and STEM identity is key to promoting adolescents' interest in being a scientist.

Sonographically Positive Fetal Heartbeat in Unilateral Tubal Twin Pregnancy as a Rare Case With Literature Review.

Ectopic pregnancies occur when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. Twin ectopic pregnancies are rare and pose significant diagnostic and management challenges. This case report presents the clinical details and management of a unilateral twin ectopic pregnancy in a 31-year-old female patient. The purpose of this report is to highlight the complexities associated with the diagnosis and management of this uncommon condition. In this case, we performed the left salpingectomy. We confirmed pathologically and histologically in pregnancy in the same tube.

Determination of the Influence of Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study with Four Follow-Ups.

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the impact of peripheral neuropathy symptoms throughout with monthly follow-ups during 4 months of paclitaxel treatment. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 79 patients. The study population consisted of female patients with breast cancer between August 2018 and January 2019. ''Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool'' and ''EORTC C30 Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire'' were applied with four follow-ups. The study was undertaken in accordance with the STROBE checklist for cross- sectional studies. RESULTS: The Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool except for the general activity subdimension were statistically significant in the ratings of second, compared to first; third compared to first and second; fourth compared to first, second, and third follow-up periods. The overall mean of the EORTC C30 Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, functioning, symptom, and global health status were statistically significant in the evaluations of second, compared with first; third compared with first and second; fourth compared with first, second, and third follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that the increase in neuropathy symptoms during cures negatively affects the quality of life.

Interest, Mindsets and Engagement: Longitudinal Relations in Science Orientations for Adolescents in Informal Science Programs.

Little is known about the factors that influence engagement for adolescents participating in informal youth science programs. This study examined longitudinal reciprocal associations between adolescents' science engagement, interest, and growth mindset. Participants were adolescents (Mage = 15.06, SD = 1.82 years, 66.8% female) from the UK (n = 168) and the US (n = 299). A cross lagged path analysis indicated that participants' science growth mindset at baseline was positively related to interest, and engagement at year 1, and science interest at year 1 was positively related to growth mindset at year 2. Additionally, girls had lower science growth mindsets than boys. This evidence suggests that informal programs may encourage positive STEM trajectories by fostering engagement, growth mindset and interest.

Facilitating method for removal of the large uterus after laparoscopic hysterectomy: Vaginal vault vertical incision.

BACKGROUND: In patients with a large uterus, an important part of the laparoscopic hysterectomy operation time is the phase of removing the uterus from the abdomen.The development of techniques that will shorten the morcellation time is the key to reducing the total operation time. AIM: To evaluate the effect of vaginal cuff vertical incision in accelerating removal of the large uterus in laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: This study was performed with patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy. In the study group, a vertical incision was performed in the middle of the posterior vaginal stump before the vaginal removal of the larger uterus (weighing more than 500 g). The control group consisted of patients who underwent vaginal morcellation after conventional colpotomy. Patients in both groups were matched in terms of uterine weights +/-50 g and the same vaginal morcellation technique was applied to all patients. RESULTS: In patients who underwent a vertical incision procedure, the time to remove the uterus from the abdomen (17.55±2.53 min vs 26.62±4.72 min, p<0.001) and the total operation time (130.81±12.83 min vs.143.29±13, 15 min, p = 0.001) was statistically significantly less than the patients without vertical incision. There was no difference between the groups in terms of intraoperative complications, drop in hemoglobin levels, time to flatus, postoperative 6th,24th hour visual analog score and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The vertical incision procedure reduces the time to remove the large uterus from the abdomen after laparoscopic hysterectomy and, accordingly, the total operation time. This procedure may be the preferred method before vaginal morcellation, especially in large uterus.

Can prepartum platelet indices be a parameter to predict postpartum hemorrhage?

OBJECTIVE: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the single largest contributor to maternal mortality worldwide. It has been demonstrated that certain platelet parameters are indicative of platelet reactivity. The aim of this study was to determine whether antenatal platelet indices can be used as risk factors in the prediction of primary PPH. METHODS: This comparative case-control study involved 3207 pregnant women at term who were recruited over one year period in Istanbul. Postpartum hemorrhage, defined as blood loss ≥1000 mL within 24 h after delivery. The study group consisted of 42 patients who developed primary PPH after vaginal delivery without defined risk factors. The patients in the control group were matched with age, parity, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin value. Platelet indices - platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width, and plateletcrit were measured prior to delivery and evaluated for the prediction of PPH. RESULTS: Prepartum MPV and PDW values were determined to be lower in the patients with in the PPH group, when compared to the healthy group (respectively, p < .001 and p < .004). By receiver-operating characteristic analysis, MPV and PDW were able to distinguish between patients with and without any bleeding (respectively, AUC 0.823, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.735-0.912, (AUC) 0.682, 95% CI 0.569-0.795). Prepartum MPV (cutoff = 10.95 fL) had a high AUC (>0.8) for predicting PPH, with a specificity of 81% and sensitivity of 69%. CONCLUSION: Results suggest a novel hypothesis that pre-delivery lower MPV value may be used predicting PPH.

Evaluation of genital self-image and sexual dysfunction in women with vulvar lichen planus or lichen sclerosus.

INTRODUCTION: Vulvar lichen planus (LP) and vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect women's sexual health. In this study, our aim was to investigate sexual function, anxiety level and genital self-image in vulvar LP and vulvar LS patients. METHODS: This study was conducted on a total of 178 women who presented to the gynecology clinic between February 2019 and January 2020. The patients were divided into the following groups: group 1, vulvar LP (n = 21); group 2, vulvar LS (n = 59); group 3, fungal vulvitis controls (n = 48); and group 4, healthy controls (n = 50). The validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), and Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) questionnaires were assessed in all women. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to age, parity, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), vaginal intercourse past 1 month, marital status or educational status (p > .05). There were statistically significant differences between the vulvar LP and vulvar LS groups compared to control groups in terms of FSFI total scores and subscores (p < .001). When FGSIS and BAI scores were analyzed, significant statistical differences were found among the study groups (p < .001). A positive correlation was found between the FSFI and FGSIS scores in patients with vulvar LP and LS. Additionally, a negative correlation was found between the FSFI and BAI scores in patients with vulvar LP and LS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that sexual function, genital self-image and anxiety level were associated in vulvar LP and vulvar LS patients. Vulvar LP and vulvar LS patients with worse genital self-image have more sexual problems and anxious conditions.

The effects of exogenous oral micronized progesterone on first trimester aneuploidy screening markers in women with threatened miscarriage: a matched case control study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of using progesterone due to early vaginal bleeding on aneuploidy screening markers in the first trimester. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case control study includes the pregnant women who applied to our clinic in order to have a screening test for Down syndrome in the weeks of 11°/7-136/7. The patients were divided into three groups. Self reported vaginal bleeding with progesterone therapy (Bl+, Prg+, n:70), Self reported vaginal bleeding without progesterone therapy (Bl+, Prg-, n:70) and as a control group pregnant women who had no vaginal bleeding. (NoBl, NoPrg, n:70). In all patients, free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (ß-hCG), pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness were analyzed. Mean MoMs of the markers were compared between three groups. RESULTS: In the two groups with vaginal bleeding (Bl+, Prg + and Bl+, Prg-) the free ß-Hcg MoM values were statistically higher (1.22 ± 0.72, 0.98 ± 0.45, respectively) compared to the No Bleeding/No Progesterone group (0.81 ± 0.52) (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ .01, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the free ß-hCG MoM value of women with Bl+, Prg + group (1.22 ± 0.72) and Bl+, Prg - group (0.98 ± 0.45). (p: .053, significance level limitation with Bonferroni correction p: .017). PAPP-A and NT thickness did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION: Our data did not find an association between the use of oral progesterone and any alternations in first trimester screening parameters. Regardless of the progesterone usage, vaginal bleeding in the first trimester pregnancies increased the free ß-hCG MoM values compared to pregnancies without vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.

Neurological Manifestations of Pediatric Acute COVID Infections: A Single Center Experience.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) usually leads to a mild infectious disease course in children, while serious complications may occur in conjunction with both acute infection and neurological symptoms, which have been predominantly reported in adults. The neurological complications in these patients vary based on patient age and underlying comorbidities. Data on clinical features, particularly neurological features, and prognostic factors in children and adolescents are limited. This study provides a concise overview of neurological complications in pediatric COVID-19 cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study reviewed medical records of all patients who were admitted to our hospital and were diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay between 11 March 2020 and 30 January 2021. Patients with a positive PCR result were categorized into two groups: outpatient departments patients and inpatient departments (IPD). RESULTS: Of the 2530 children who underwent RT-PCR during the study period, 382 (8.6%) were confirmed as COVID-19 positive, comprising 188 (49.2%) girls and 194 (50.8%) boys with a mean age of 7.14±5.84 (range, 0-17) years. Neurological complications that required hospitalization were present in 34 (8.9%) patients, including seizure (52.9%), headache (38.2%), dizziness (11.1%) and meningoencephalitis (5.8%). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that neurological manifestations are not rare in children suffering from COVID-19. Seizures, headaches, dizziness, anosmia, ageusia and meningoencephalitis are major neurological manifestations during acute COVID-19 disease. Although seizures were the most common cause of hospitalization in IPD patients, the frequency of meningoencephalitis was quite high. Seizures were observed as febrile seizures for children under 6 years of age and afebrile seizures for those over 6 years of age. Febrile seizure accounted for half of all seizure children.

The impact of concurrent HPV infections on the presentation of high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions.

OBJECTIVES: We investigate how concurrent high-risk (hr) HPV (human papillomavirus) genotypes affect CIN2-3 risk and evaluate the relationship of different genotype combinations with cervical epithelial lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included HPV positive patients between the ages of 30 and 60 who underwent liquid-based cervical smears and HPV screening through community-based, cervical cancer screening programs between June 2015 and June 2017. The impact of the increase in hrHPV types was calculated by estimating how it changed the odds ratio of CIN2-3 risk. RESULTS: The rate of multiple concurrent HPV infections was 48.7% in the CIN2-3 group and 58.4% in the CIN1 group. Among patients in the CIN2-3 and CIN1 groups, the most common HPV coinfection was respectively HPV 16+31 and HPV 16+51. The HPV 51 ratio in CIN1 patients was 28.9% and the HPV 51 ratio in the CIN2-3 patient was 6.6%. With every increase in the number of hrHPV infection types, the frequency of CIN2-3 decreased [OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.95]. For all hrHPV combinations, the addition of HPV 16 was associated with a higher risk of CIN2-3. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in number of hrHPV types is associated with lower CIN2-3 risk. Further cohort studies with larger samples are needed to clarify this relationship. The available evidence suggests that HPV 16 genotype plays an important role in patients with high-grade cervical lesions and has a negative impact on the cervix in concurrent multiple HPV infections.

Endocan as a predictor of increased cardiovascular risk during the menopausal transition period.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to investigate the serum endocan levels and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements of pre- and postmenopausal patients to clarify the relationship between the menopausal transition and endothelial injury. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women who were premenopausal and postmenopausal between January 2019 and June 2019. The patients were divided into two groups according to premenopausal (n = 32) and postmenopausal (n = 32) status. Serum endocan levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CIMT ultrasonographic measurements were determined. Hormonal and biochemical parameters were measured. The validated Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire was used on all women. RESULTS: Serum endocan levels were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group (222.90 ± 121.00 ng/L and 146.62 ± 41.88 ng/L, p = 0.033, respectively). The mean CIMT was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal cohort (0.70 ± 0.14 mm and 0.58 ± 0.11 mm, p < 0.001, respectively). A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), abdominal circumference (AC), and CIMT and postmenopausal serum endocan levels. Serum endocan levels with a cutoff point of 141.14 ng/L identified women with significant CIMT levels with sensitivity of 73.8% and specificity of 77.3%. A positive correlation was found between CIMT and endocan and total MRS scores. CONCLUSION: Serum endocan levels were associated with CIMT during the menopausal transition period. Increased circulating endocan levels can be a predictor of cardiovascular risk in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Does progesterone have protective effects on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of progesterone (PG) against ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through the evaluation of biochemical and histopathologic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1: Sham; group 2: I/R; group 3: I/R+PG (8 mg/kg). PG was administered intraperitoneally to the rats in group 3, 30 minutes before a detorsion operation. Ovarian I/R injury was evaluated in serum and tissue by using biochemical parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and immunofluorescence staining by using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: Serum and tissue TOS levels were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 2. Tissue TAS levels were higher in group 3 than in group 2 (p<0.001). NGAL and MDA levels were similar between the groups. Histologic score, including vascular congestion, hemorrhage, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and interstitial edema, was higher in group 2. Pre-treatment with PG decreased the score, but this difference was not statistically significant. The number of apoptotic cells was higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3. The TUNEL-positive cell number decreased with PG in group 3. CONCLUSION: Preoperative PG treatment might exert protective effects on ovarian I/R injury through its anti-apoptotic and antioxidative properties.

Sentinel Lymph Node Detection by 3D Freehand Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Early Stage Breast Cancer.

We herein present our first experience obtained by 3D freehand single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (F-SPECT) guidance for sentinel lymph node detection (SLND) in two patients with early stage breast cancer. F-SPECT guidance was carried out using one-day protocol in one case and by the two-day protocol in the other one. SLND was performed successfully in both patients. Histopathologic evaluation showed that the excised nodes were tumor negative. Thus, patients underwent breast-conserving surgery alone.

Preoperative Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Malignant Breast Lesions with Ultrasonography and Histopathologic Correlation.

PURPOSE: Our aim is to define the sonographic criteria for assessing involved axillary nodes and to evaluate the accuracy of axillary ultrasound in the staging workup of individuals with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with breast cancer were prospectively evaluated with preoperative ultrasonography (US) to determine the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis. We determined whether there was axillary lymph node metastasis after axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy. If metastasis was found, the number of metastatic lymph nodes was recorded and compared with preoperative axillary US findings using histopathological evaluation as a reference. RESULTS: Metastatic lymph node detection in sonographic evaluation was associated with echogenic hilus obliteration, complete hypoechoic or anechoic appearance of lymph nodes, and asymmetric/nodal or diffuse cortical thickening greater than 3.8 mm. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of US were calculated as (20/22) 91 percent, (10/13) 77 percent, (20/23) 87 percent, and (10/12) 83 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography examination is a valuable method for evaluating the axilla in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and provides valuable information for planning proper breast cancer management.

Primary ovarian leiomyoma: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Primary ovarian leiomyoma is a rare benign tumour of the ovary seen in women between 20 and 65 years old. It is usually diagnosed incidentally during pelvic examination or pathologic examination after surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe a case of unilateral, ovarian leiomyoma. Transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a right adnexial mass. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and histological examination revealed a leiomyoma arising primarily in the ovary. The diagnosis was confirmed immunohistochemically. DISCUSSION: The tumour may be asymptomatic or may manifest with lower abdominal pain like in our case. The definitive diagnosis of these lesions is difficult prior to surgical removal. Because there is no pathognomonic symptoms or characteristic imaging findings. The correct diagnosis of an ovarian leiomyoma requires identification of the smooth muscle nature of the tumour. CONCLUSION: This rare tumour of the ovary should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid ovarian masses. An immunohistochemical analysis is recommended for definitive diagnosis.

Genitourinary symptoms and their effects on quality of life in women with uterine myomas.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to determine the presence of genitourinary symptoms and their effects on quality of life (QOL) in women with uterine myomas. METHODS: A total of 145 women with ultrasonography (US) diagnosis of anterior myoma were divided into two groups according to myoma size: (1) those ≤5 cm (n = 75), and (2) those >5 cm (n = 70). The control group comprised previously matched 94 women with a normal-appearing uterus on US. Study participants answered the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Pelvic examination was performed, and urinary symptoms were recorded. The chi-square test and Fischer's exact test were used to compare qualitative data. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test were used to compare groups. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05. RESULTS: The frequency of genitourinary symptoms was significantly higher in women with myomas, including stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urgency, frequency, urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and dyspareunia. SUI and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) were the most common symptoms associated with myoma size. Total UDI-6 scores were significantly higher in women with myomas than in control patients (P < 0.0001). UDI scores associated with UI and obstructive symptoms were higher in women with myomas >5 cm than in other women. IIQ scores regarding physical activity, travel, and emotional health were significantly higher in women with myomas >5 cm than in other women (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary tract dysfunction is associated with anterior myomas, increasing in association with myoma size, and significantly affects QOL.

Genitourinary symptoms in patients with adenomyosis.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Adenomyosis causes problems in women, including dysmenorrhea and abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding; however, its etiology is unknown. We hypothesized that urinary symptoms are frequent in patients with adenomyosis and that they affect the patients' quality of life. METHODS: We conducted a pilot study from September 2011 to December 2011. Ninety-one patients with an ultrasound diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis comprised the study group (adenomyosis group). Ninety-four women with a normal-appearing uterine myometrium on ultrasound comprised the control group. Patients filled out two validated questionnaires, the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Patients also underwent a pelvic examination and urinary symptoms were recorded. Groups were compared using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The frequency of urinary symptoms was significantly higher in the adenomyosis group than in the control group (P = 0.0001), including stress urinary incontinence, urgency, daytime frequency, urge urinary incontinence, and dyspareunia. Total UDI scores were significantly higher in the adenomyosis group than those in the control group (P < 0.0001), as were IIQ scores of questions regarding social relations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that urinary tract dysfunction is associated with adenomyosis and that urinary symptoms may affect patients' quality of life.